Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Single Phase AC Motor Monarch for Control System Applications

Abstract

Single-phase AC motors continue to play an important role in auxiliary maritime systems due to their ease of use, low maintenance, and robust construction. However, the availability of accurate mathematical models, particularly for low power single phase motors like the Monarch series, remains limited. This paper presents a validated dynamic model of the Monarch 1-phase AC motor for simulation-based control system development. The model incorporates electromechanical dynamics derived from Kirchhoff’s and Newton’s laws and is transformed into both transfer function and state-space forms for implementation in MATLAB/Simulink. Key parameters including stator resistance (6.62 Ω), inductance (65 mH), moment of inertia (3.0 × 10⁻⁴ kg·m²), and back EMF constant (0.5885 V·s/rad) were identified through datasheet analysis and refined through empirical testing. Simulation results show that the open loop system exhibited high overshoot and slow convergence, while the closed loop PID control reduced overshoot to 3.5%, with a rise time of 0.22 s and settling time under 0.8 s. These results were validated by experimental measurements with less than 5% error, confirming the model’s reliability. This framework provides an accessible and extensible modeling reference for academic and applied electrical engineering contexts, particularly in marine automation.