Analysis and Implementation of Full-Wave Single-Phase Controlled Rectifier for AC Motor Speed Control

Abstract

Speed control of AC motors is an important aspect in optimizing the performance of electromechanical systems in a variety of engineering applications. Some commonly used methods include frequency regulation, changes in the number of pole pairs, the use of external resistance, anchor voltage regulation, and vector controllers. This approach can be integrated with modern power electronics, such as thyristors and TRIACs, to improve the efficiency of control systems. Induction motors are often operated under partial load conditions, which can hamper system performance due to decreased power efficiency and power factor. This study proposes the implementation of a TRIAC-based controlled rectifier to regulate the speed of AC motors through input voltage modification. The system utilizes a TRIAC firing angle that is set using a variable resistor or potentiometer to adjust the voltage received by the motor, so that the rotor speed can be controlled as needed. By implementing this approach, power efficiency can be improved, and the disadvantages of using induction motors at partial loads can be mitigated. This study presents simulations, experimental designs, and system performance analysis to prove the effectiveness of this method in improving the efficiency and flexibility of AC motor control.