Remote Monitoring and Optimization of Solar Panel Power Efficiency: A Community Engagement Approach

Abstract

Indonesia has significant potential in harnessing sunlight as an alternative energy source, converted into electricity using photovoltaic (PV) modules. The performance of PV modules is influenced by factors such as light intensity and temperature, where increased light intensity results in higher input power (P_in). To effectively monitor solar panel performance, Internet of Things (IoT) technology is employed, utilizing a RESTful web server. The system uses an Arduino Uno, ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, and a CodeIgniter-based web service platform to transmit real-time voltage data to a server. This study, conducted through direct observation, compares the performance of standard solar panels with those equipped with Fresnel lenses. The results show that solar panel efficiency is influenced by solar radiation, with peak efficiency occurring at midday. Fresnel lenses enhance power output by concentrating light; however, they also create penumbral shading, affecting panel performance during the morning and evening. Panels with Fresnel lenses demonstrated higher output power than standard panels. This research highlights the potential to improve solar energy generation and efficiency using innovative technologies, contributing to efforts to optimize renewable energy in rural areas of Indonesia. It promotes the use of solar energy in underserved communities, providing tools for real-time monitoring, fostering sustainable energy practices, and offering broader environmental benefits. This approach aligns with community empowerment goals, supporting the transition to cleaner, more efficient energy sources.