Journal of Marine Electrical and Electronic Technology

2025-01-06T17:16:56+00:00

JoMEET : Journal of Marine Electrical and Electronic Technology

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Volume 2 No. 1 December 2024

Comparative Analysis of PID and LQR Controllers for Speed Regulation of Series DC Motors

2025-01-05T18:03:32+00:00

A DC motor is a widely used electromechanical device known for its ease of application and versatile speed regulation capabilities, making it essential in various industries, robotics, and household appliances. Among different types of DC motors, the series DC motor is noted for its high starting torque, which can cause significant overshoot at startup. Moreover, this motor exhibits inherent instability, with speed decreasing at higher torques and increasing under low loads, potentially reaching very high speeds in no-load conditions. In order to achieve precise speed control and mitigate overshoot, the implementation of an effective control system is crucial. This study presents a comparative simulation analysis, conducted using MATLAB, between two widely used controllers: PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) and LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator), for regulating the speed of a series DC motor. The results demonstrate that both controllers achieve minimal errors, with the PID controller delivering a faster rotor speed response compared to the LQR controller. However, the PID controller exhibits a notable overshoot of approximately 20%, while the LQR controller successfully eliminates any overshoot. Additionally, the initial current surge observed with the PID controller is significantly higher than with the LQR controller, with the PID's starting current overshoot reaching about 460%, compared to only 188% for the LQR.

Design and Development of a Distance and Heart Rate Monitoring System for a Dynamic Bicycle

2025-01-05T18:07:41+00:00

Air is a vital resource for human life and the ecosystem, playing a crucial role in sustaining living beings. Its quality directly impacts health and well-being, making it essential to preserve and monitor air for safe usage. Air pollution, which results from the degradation of air quality, poses significant health risks, prompting individuals to engage in physical activities such as jogging, marathons, futsal, and cycling. Among these, cycling is favored not only as a recreational activity but also as a sustainable mode of short-distance transportation, offering both physical health benefits and environmental advantages. In this study, we present the design and development of a dynamic bicycle system equipped with a distance and heart rate monitoring mechanism. The proposed system integrates cutting-edge sensor technology, including the MAX30102 optical heart rate sensor and the M8N GPS module, to provide real-time data on cyclist performance. This research aims to contribute to both engineering and health domains by addressing the dual objectives of enhancing physical fitness and supporting eco-friendly transportation. During the testing phase, the system demonstrated challenges in sensor noise and data accuracy. For instance, the MAX30102 sensor exhibited rapid fluctuations due to program-related noise and environmental factors, necessitating the implementation of advanced filtering techniques such as the Kalman filter to stabilize readings. Similarly, the M8N GPS sensor showed a 2-meter deviation in distance measurements, which, although acceptable for odometer functionality, requires optimization to improve precision during signal loss scenarios.

Design and Analysis of a Thyristor-Based Controlled Rectifier Circuit for Stabilization of Speed and Rotation in DC Motors

2025-01-05T18:05:41+00:00

Controlling the speed of a DC motor is relatively simpler compared to regulating the speed of other types of motors [1]. Various methods can be employed for DC motor speed control, including frequency adjustment, pole number variation, autotransformer modification, and regulation of the armature input voltage. Among these, the most commonly used technique involves controlling the input voltage supplied to the DC motor. This voltage control method leverages an optocoupler to handle low-voltage regulation and a Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR), also known as a Thyristor, to manage the input voltage via its gate terminal. The other terminals, "anode" and "cathode," function similarly to those of standard diodes. The SCR, a critical component in the Thyristor family, plays a pivotal role in regulating voltage in this application. In this study, a controlled rectifier circuit was designed and implemented for DC motor speed and rotation stabilization. The system comprises two primary subsystems: the control circuit and the power circuit. The control circuit employs an optocoupler to ensure precise power supply regulation and an SCR or Thyristor as the main controlling device. Meanwhile, the power circuit utilizes a 120 Volt AC input, which is subsequently converted to supply a DC motor. This research emphasizes the integration of these subsystems to achieve efficient and reliable speed stabilization, making it a significant contribution to the field of motor control systems and electrical engineering.

Design and Development of a Microcontroller-Based UV Conveyor Control System and Plastic Shred Moisture Monitoring Prototype

2025-01-05T18:08:51+00:00

Plastic waste poses a serious environmental challenge, especially in Indonesia, which generates about 64 million tons annually. Of this, 10% ends up in the ocean, disrupting marine ecosystems. Recycling plastic into reusable products offers a potential solution, but Indonesia’s recycling industry processes only 5 million tons per year, far below the total generated waste. A key obstacle in recycling is the drying process for shredded plastic after washing. Many facilities rely on sunlight, which prolongs production and raises costs. To address this, a conveyor-based heating system has been proposed to expedite moisture removal. Heating rods in the system provide thermal radiation, similar to an electric oven. Drying rates vary with the moisture content of each batch, making moisture monitoring essential. This system incorporates sensors to measure moisture levels before and after drying, displayed on a 2.4” Nextion screen. Operators manually control the heater and conveyor motor using a potentiometer, ensuring easy adjustments. This study introduces a microcontroller-based UV conveyor system for drying shredded plastic. The design optimizes production time and reduces costs compared to traditional methods. By improving efficiency, this innovation could significantly enhance plastic recycling practices in Indonesia, addressing critical environmental and operational challenges.

E-COBRA: Integration of Wind Turbine Technology in Electric Car Power Banks for Sustainable Transportation

2025-01-18T03:38:17+00:00

Dependence on non-renewable energy remains a major challenge, despite the growing popularity of electric
cars, as most electricity sources come from coal. In response, this paper proposes E-COBRA, a wind turbine
system with a magnetic rotor as a renewable electricity source that can extend the battery life of electric cars.
Functioning as a power bank, E-COBRA utilizes wind energy while the car is moving and converts it into
electricity to support the battery. The design of the E-COBRA follows the principles of aerodynamics, with an
installation on the roof of the electric car to capitalize on the kinetic energy from the wind hitting the car. The
lift generated by the air on the roof of the electric car turns a wind turbine. Inside the generator, the mechanical
energy is used to spin a magnetic rotor inside a stationary coil of stator wire, changing the magnetic field and
inducing electricity in the wire. This process generates electricity that is conducted through a cable and
connected directly to the car's charging port. This paper compares the design of using a diffuser-increased wind
turbine (DAWT) with a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) for the E-COBRA system. The comparison shows
that the DAWT produces the largest energy, electrical power output of 2.2 kW at a car speed of 71.2 km/h. This
technology not only reduces reliance on non-renewable energy but also offers a significant solution for
increasing the efficiency and travel range of electric cars. As such, this approach represents a significant
development in sustainable transportation solutions.

Motor Speed Control Using PID Control with a Metaphysical Approach: A Comprehensive Analysis

2025-01-05T18:06:19+00:00

Recent advancements in control technology have become integral to various industrial applications worldwide. Among these advancements, direct current (DC) motors are commonly utilized actuators in industrial systems due to their simplicity and reliability. DC motors exhibit a fast dynamic response but tend to experience steady-state errors, which can affect system performance. To address this challenge, it is crucial to implement an appropriate controller that optimally aligns with the inherent characteristics of DC motors. A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is widely recognized for its ability to provide fast response and effective speed control in DC motor systems. This study explores the application of a novel approach that integrates metaheuristic techniques, specifically Genetic Algorithms (GAs), to optimize the parameters of the PID controller. Unlike traditional PID tuning methods, such as trial and error, Ziegler-Nichols, or manual optimization, the metaheuristic optimization technique offers distinct advantages in achieving faster settling times and minimizing steady-state errors, while also reducing overshoot. The primary goal of this research is to enhance PID control efficiency for DC motors, particularly focusing on obtaining optimal gain parameters for improved performance in various industrial applications. The metaheuristic optimization approach applied in this study involves the use of Genetic Algorithms to fine-tune the PID gains, leading to superior control system performance. The results of this optimization are compared with conventional PID tuning methods through simulation using MATLAB/Simulink. The comparative analysis highlights the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of quicker stabilization and improved steady-state accuracy.

Position Control of DC Motor Using PID and LQR Methods: A Comparative Analysis

2025-01-05T18:04:14+00:00

The rapid technological advancements of this era have significantly influenced various fields, including engineering and innovation in electrical systems. Accessing and utilizing technological knowledge has become increasingly convenient, enabling researchers and engineers to push boundaries in innovation and development. In the field of electrical engineering, this ease of access has facilitated the study and implementation of advanced techniques for efficient energy utilization and control systems. For instance, the exploration of DC motor control methodologies, such as PID and LQR, highlights the potential for optimizing performance in industrial and robotic applications. Research and testing play a pivotal role in driving future innovations by ensuring that electrical systems meet the growing demands for power efficiency and technological sophistication. This study specifically addresses the development and analysis of DC motor position control using PID and LQR methods, providing a comparative evaluation of their performance metrics. These findings contribute to the advancement of robust and efficient control systems, aligning with the needs of modern engineering applications.

THE EFFECT OF THE ADDITION OF SUB-CEREAL BEACH PUMICE POWDER ON THE ENERGY CAPACITY OF BIOETHANOL FROM MANGROVE FRUIT WASTE ( Bruguiera gymnorrhiza ) IN PROVIDING CALORIES THROUGH THE TEMPERATURE TEST OF LIQUID SUBSTANCES WITH INDICATORS ON THE GLASS WICK

2025-01-18T03:38:59+00:00

Bioethanol energy is one of the natural and environmentally friendly renewable energy that plays an active role as a fuel to replace fossil energy in households. Bioethanol energy is made from organic compounds which in this case use mangrove fruit waste or Aiwon fruit (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) in maintaining its quality by making the fuel not burn out quickly in its daily use. One of the efforts that can be made is to add sub-cereal type rubbing pumice powder which is also not difficult to get on the beaches of coastal villages. The purpose of adding sub-cereal type rubbing pumice to bioethanol renewable energy made from mangrove fruit waste (Aiwon) is to increase the duration of this bioethanol energy ability in providing energy to the affected object or the object undergoes a process of change. The writing method in this study is experimental and literature. The results of the study include: 1) Revealing the basic reasons for the availability of renewable energy bioethanol from mangrove fruit waste (Aiwon) provides heat energy to an object that is affected to undergo changes, especially changes in the temperature of liquid substances. 2) To reveal the difference in the duration of flames that use bioethanol energy with the addition of sub-cereal type rubbing pumice powder in the amount of pumice powder given varies or different amounts. So the conclusion is that by adding sub- cereal rubbing pumice powder with different doses, it will give a difference in the duration of the flame or provide calories when used to influence the change of an object in fulfilling household activities.