Journal of Electrical, Marine and Its Application

Design and Development of a Prototype System for Temperature and Water Level Control in an Extruder Machine

Akhmad Azhar Firdaus, Anggara Trisna Nugraha, Rama Arya Sobhita — Wed, 15 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This research focuses on the design and development of a prototype system for temperature and water level control in an extruder machine, a critical component in modern industrial manufacturing. The study addresses challenges in operational stability by integrating advanced sensor-based monitoring and an automated control mechanism. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining experimental trials and computational analysis to validate system performance. The prototype system incorporates high-precision thermocouples for temperature measurement, ultrasonic sensors for water level detection, and a microcontroller-based control unit for real-time adjustments.

The results demonstrate that the system maintains temperature with an accuracy of ±1°C and limits water level fluctuations to within 5 mm under varying operational conditions. Additionally, the system improves energy efficiency by 15% compared to conventional manual systems, showcasing its potential to enhance productivity and sustainability in manufacturing processes. Performance evaluations reveal the system's reliability and precision, which are critical for applications in polymer processing, food manufacturing, and other extruder-based industries.

This study highlights the significance of automated control systems in advancing industrial sustainability and efficiency. Future work should explore the scalability of the system for larger industrial applications and incorporate predictive maintenance features to ensure long-term reliability.

Optimizing the Output System of PG36M555 DC Carbon-Brush Motors Using LQR and LQT Methods in MATLAB Simulink

Mukhammad Jamaludin, Anggara Trisna Nugraha — Wed, 15 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This research focuses on optimizing the output system of the PG36M555 DC carbon-brush motor using Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and Linear Quadratic Tracking (LQT) methods implemented in MATLAB Simulink. DC motors, particularly carbon-brush types, are widely used in robotics, industrial automation systems, and other engineering applications due to their compact size, high torque, and efficiency. However, maintaining output precision and stability under varying operational conditions remains a significant challenge, especially in dynamic environments with load fluctuations and external disturbances.

To address these issues, a combination of simulation and experimental validation was applied to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies. The LQR method focuses on minimizing overshoot and improving system stability by optimizing control gains, while the LQT method enhances tracking performance by accurately following predefined reference signals. Simulation results demonstrated that the LQR method reduced overshoot by 25% and improved stability compared to traditional PID controllers. Meanwhile, the LQT method improved tracking accuracy by 30%, making it highly suitable for applications requiring precise motion control.

Experimental validation was conducted using physical setups of the PG36M555 motor, confirming the simulation results with deviations of less than 5%. These findings emphasize the significant potential of LQR and LQT methods in optimizing DC motor performance, particularly in applications demanding precise control, stability, and energy efficiency. By integrating advanced simulation tools and experimental analysis, this study contributes to the development of robust control strategies for advanced engineering applications.

Design of LQR Control for Regulating Relative Air Temperature in Beef Cooling Room Systems

Muhammad Fikri Fathurrohman — Wed, 15 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Beef refrigeration systems are critical for maintaining the freshness of beef shortly after harvesting. Ensuring optimal storage conditions requires precise temperature regulation to prevent spoilage and maintain quality. This study focuses on designing an advanced control system using a combined LQR controller to enhance system performance by minimizing errors and mitigating oscillations in temperature and relative humidity. The LQR controller, known for its regulatory properties, was integrated with a controller to achieve superior output accuracy and stability. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed LQR controller effectively minimizes steady-state errors to 0°C, reduces temperature oscillations to 0%, and achieves precise relative humidity control, ensuring ideal refrigeration conditions for beef storage. This approach showcases a robust and efficient solution for temperature regulation in engineering applications.

Comparison of Performance of PID and LQR Methods in Improving the Stability of DC Motor Control Systems

Ahmad Efendi Adi Pratama — Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

DC motors are one type of motor that is widely used in various engineering and industrial applications due to their ease of use and wide speed regulation capabilities. Series DC motors, as one type of DC motor, have large initial torque characteristics, but often overshoot when starting. In addition, this motorcycle also shows low stability, where the speed can decrease at high torque and increase drastically without load. Therefore, in order to achieve more accurate and stable speed control, an effective control system is required. This study examines the comparison between two control methods, namely PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) and LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator), in regulating the speed of DC series motors. In an experiment conducted using MATLAB software, the speed of the motor was tested on five different variations of speed setpoints. The simulation results show that both controllers produce very small speed errors, but with different performance characteristics. The PID controller provides a faster response time than LQR, although it still shows a considerable overshoot of about 20%. On the other hand, the LQR controller is capable of eliminating overshoot overall. In addition, the analysis of the starting current also showed significant differences, with the PID controller producing a current overshoot of about 460%, while the LQR was only about 188%. This study provides insight into the advantages and disadvantages of each control method in improving the stability and efficiency of DC motor control, which is very important in applications that require high speed and stability. Both of these methods show strong potential to be applied in a variety of motor control systems in engineering and industry, with LQR being the more stable option when it comes to overshoot avoidance.

BN12 DC Motor Control Using Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and Linear Quadratic Tracking (LQT) Circuits

Mohamad Fakhri Ali Mufidz — Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In the era of rapid technological development, innovation in the field of engineering is increasingly dominating various industrial sectors. One of the crucial approaches to improving system performance is through optimization, which aims to obtain optimal system conditions in terms of both efficiency and stability. System optimization is not only limited to improving energy efficiency, but also to precise dynamic control, as in DC motor systems. One of the main challenges in controlling DC motors is minimizing the interference that occurs when the motor is first started, otherwise known as the peak "spike". In this study, we focus on two optimization techniques that are often used in dynamic system control, namely Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and Linear Quadratic Tracking (LQT). Both methods are known for their ability to design optimal controls that can reduce instability and improve overall system response. The study will use a BN12-type DC motor as an example of a system (plant) to implement the two techniques and compare their performance. The results of this study aim to provide deeper insights into how LQR and LQT methods can be applied in DC motor control to achieve optimal performance in various operational conditions.

Design and Implementation of a Single-Phase AC Voltage Controller for Engineering Applications

John Vernando Purba — Wed, 15 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study presents the design and implementation of a single-phase AC voltage controller utilizing an SCR TIC126, diode, IC regulator, op-amp LM324N, and additional electronic components. The developed module generates variable AC voltage output by adjusting the triggering angle of the SCR, while maintaining a constant output voltage waveform frequency. The analysis of the output voltage waveform was conducted through mathematical modeling and simulation using the PSIM software. Experimental measurements were compared with simulation results, focusing on the root mean square (Vrms) of the output voltage under varying trigger angles—specifically 45°, 60°, 90°, and 135°. The tests were performed using a low-resistance load of 5W 100Ω, powered by a source voltage not exceeding 12.8 volts at a frequency of 50 Hz. Discrepancies between simulation, mathematical predictions, and experimental results were analyzed to evaluate the performance and accuracy of the controller under different operating conditions. The findings demonstrate the controller's potential for efficient voltage regulation in engineering applications, emphasizing its reliability in handling varying load conditions.

Analysis of a 3-Phase Uncontrolled Full-Wave Rectifier Using a 3-Phase AC Generator

Rama Arya Sobhita — Tue, 15 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The rapid advancements in technology are influencing various sectors, with electrical engineering being one of the most affected fields. As access to information becomes increasingly easier, innovations in both science and technology progress at an accelerated pace. To keep up with these developments, there is a growing need to optimize existing knowledge for future use. In the realm of electrical engineering, optimizing theories and practical applications is crucial to improving the efficiency and functionality of power systems, particularly in the industrial sector where the demand for electricity is substantial. A significant way to achieve this optimization is through the study and analysis of the three-phase uncontrolled full-wave rectifier circuit powered by a three-phase AC generator. This paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of this system, with the goal of enhancing its performance and efficiency for industrial applications. By understanding the theoretical foundations and practical challenges of this rectifier circuit, we can create more effective and sustainable power conversion systems for the future.

Analysis of Output Voltage Characteristics in a Single-Phase Half-Wave Controlled Rectifier Circuit for DC Motor

Lutfi Bimantara — Tue, 15 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

A DC Electric Motor, also known as a Direct Current Motor, is a device that converts electrical energy into kinetic energy or motion. DC motors operate with two terminals and require direct current (DC) to function. These motors are widely utilized in electronic and electrical applications that rely on DC power sources, such as vibrators, DC fans, and electric drills. One of the key parameters for controlling the performance of a DC motor is its rotational speed, which is commonly measured in revolutions per minute (RPM). This speed can be adjusted to meet the requirements of various applications. To achieve variable speed control, a rectifier circuit is often employed. Specifically, a single-phase controlled rectifier circuit is used to convert alternating current (AC) from the power grid (typically 220V AC) into direct current (DC). The controlled rectifier circuit plays a crucial role in rectifying the input AC voltage and providing a stable and regulated DC output to drive the motor, ensuring optimal performance. This paper explores the output voltage characteristics of the single-phase half-wave controlled rectifier circuit and its impact on the performance of a DC motor. The study focuses on the design and analysis of the rectifier circuit, aiming to improve efficiency, stability, and motor control..