Journal of Electrical, Marine and Its Application

editor-ELRINA — 2024-10-15

ELRINA : Journal of Electrical, Marine and Its Application

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Volume 2 No. 1 October 2024

Performance Analysis of a Single-Phase Half-Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier on Lamp Flicker

Ilham Akbar Syafa'atullah — 2024-10-15

An uncontrolled rectifier is an electrical circuit designed to convert sinusoidal waveforms from an alternating current (AC) voltage source into direct current (DC) voltage. The single-phase half-wave uncontrolled rectifier utilizes a diode as both the rectifying component and the circuit switch. This type of rectifier significantly impacts the performance of lighting systems, particularly the flickering behavior of light-emitting diode (LED) lamps within electrical circuits. This study evaluates the rectifier's influence on lamp flicker characteristics under varying operational conditions, focusing on its effectiveness in improving lighting stability and identifying potential drawbacks such as harmonic distortions. The findings aim to contribute to the development of enhanced rectifier designs tailored to modern engineering applications in power electronics and sustainable lighting systems.

Design and Analysis of a Single-Phase Full-Wave Inverter with Constant V/f Control for Induction Motor Speed Regulation

Widi Nur Hidayat — 2024-10-15

Induction motors, especially three-phase types, are widely used in industrial and marine applications for their ability to operate near synchronous speed. Motor speed is primarily influenced by load torque, with only slight variations as the torque increases, making them ideal for systems requiring constant speed. This study focuses on designing a single-phase full-wave inverter with constant voltage-to-frequency (V/f) control for regulating induction motor speed. The goal is to develop an efficient method to adjust motor speed while maintaining optimal performance. The methodology involves systematic data collection, processing, and analysis. The inverter design allows precise speed control through V/f regulation, enabling flexible operation under varying load conditions. Experimental results show an average constant V/f ratio of 2.34, with the inverter producing a square wave output, typical of simple inverter designs. Analysis of the relationship between input frequency and motor speed reveals a proportional increase in motor speed with higher input frequency. This finding highlights the significance of frequency control in motor speed regulation. The study contributes to the development of more efficient and cost-effective speed control systems for induction motors, particularly in marine propulsion and industrial drive applications. Further improvements to the inverter design could enhance waveform quality and overall system efficiency, addressing limitations in simple inverter configurations.

Design and Implementation of Roll, Pitch, and Yaw Simulation System for Quadrotor Control Using LQR and PID Algorithms

M. Alief Framuja — 2024-10-15

Abstract

The performance of a control system is often evaluated based on its ability to achieve minimal settling time and rise time. However, an optimal control system must also exhibit rapid and precise rotational responses to external commands, ensuring dynamic stability and responsiveness. This study focuses on the design and implementation of a DC motor speed control system using optimal control techniques to enhance settling time, rise time, and overall system performance. The research employs two prominent methods: the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller and the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) algorithm. Optimization in the LQR method is achieved by tuning the Q and R matrices to derive the optimal gain feedback (K) that minimizes the quadratic cost function. The process begins with mathematical modeling of the DC motor within the PID controller framework, enabling seamless integration into the LQR calculation. The simulation and implementation of the control system are conducted in MATLAB Simulink, allowing for comprehensive analysis of the system's dynamic responses. The results demonstrate the comparative advantages of each control method, highlighting the practical implications for applications requiring precise rotational speed control. This research contributes to advancements in control engineering by providing a systematic approach to optimizing DC motor performance, with potential applications in robotics, automation, and aerospace systems. Future work includes experimental validation and exploration of adaptive methods for further enhancement of control robustness.

Impact of Half-Wave Uncontrolled Rectification on DC Motor Performance

Mochammad Akbar Gibran — 2024-10-15

Half-wave uncontrolled rectifiers play a pivotal role in converting sinusoidal alternating current (AC) signals into direct current (DC) voltage. This study examines the impact of a single-phase half-wave uncontrolled rectifier on the performance dynamics of a DC motor, particularly focusing on the relationship between rotational speed (RPM) and time. Utilizing a diode as both a rectifying element and a circuit switch, the rectifier introduces significant variations in the motor's operational characteristics. Experimental results demonstrate that the RPM of the DC motor exhibits a proportional increase with time under specific rectification conditions, shedding light on the transient behavior and stability of the system. This research contributes to the understanding of how rectification methods influence motor performance, offering valuable insights for optimizing motor control in industrial and engineering applications. The findings also pave the way for future advancements in efficient rectifier designs and motor performance analysis.

Performance Analysis of a Single-Phase Controlled Half-Wave Rectifier Applied to AC Motor

Imam Mursyid Muttaqin — 2024-10-15

The rapid pace of industrial development is closely tied to the increasing demand for efficient material handling systems. Cranes, which are integral to the movement of products or goods, often rely on direct current (DC) motors for propulsion. Conventional methods of controlling these motors, which utilize fixed-voltage rectification powered by transformers, are still widely adopted. However, these traditional approaches suffer from several limitations, including the lack of flexibility in voltage regulation and the bulkiness and high costs associated with the transformer setup. This study presents an innovative solution by exploring the use of a fully controlled single-phase rectifier, leveraging the ICTCA785 integrated circuit for precise thyristor firing angle control. The rectifier's performance was evaluated with different load configurations, including resistive (R), resistive-inductive (R-L), and resistive-capacitive (R-C) loads, under varying conditions. A proportional-integral (PI) controller was employed to adjust the load voltage and current amplitude. The findings reveal that increasing the PI controller's gain results in higher amplitude of the load voltage and current, highlighting the importance of the controller's tuning in regulating the rectifier output. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that in certain configurations, the PI controller has minimal or no impact on the load voltage amplitude, depending on the specific rectifier design and load setup. The results underscore the significance of rectifier circuits in converting alternating current (AC) sine waves into stable DC pulses, which are fundamental for powering electronic devices and industrial systems. This research provides valuable insights into the practical application of fully controlled single-phase rectifiers, offering improvements in voltage regulation, efficiency, and flexibility, making them highly applicable in modern industrial automation and motor control systems.

Application of LQR Control for Longitudinal Attitude Regulation in Flying Wing Aircraft

Anggara Trisna Nugraha — 2024-10-15

The development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has garnered significant attention from various sectors, especially in the context of aerospace engineering, due to their versatility and increasing applications. UAVs have found widespread use in missions such as regional surveillance, military reconnaissance, and mapping tasks. However, the relatively small size of these aircraft makes them highly susceptible to environmental disturbances, particularly wind, which can lead to instability and potential stalling, thereby compromising mission success. This issue emphasizes the need for an effective and responsive control system capable of adjusting the UAV's motion to prevent such instability.In this research, the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) control method is implemented to manage the roll angle of a flying wing UAV, ensuring the maintenance of its longitudinal stability. The study demonstrates that the LQR control method effectively regulates the roll angle, allowing the aircraft to maintain stable flight under various conditions. Experimental results reveal that when the roll angle is disturbed, the UAV experiences a brief overshoot of 4.28°, but quickly returns to its stable state. The system exhibits a rise time of 0.7 seconds, a settling time of 1.3 seconds, and a steady-state error of 1.37°, indicating the effectiveness of the LQR control in maintaining longitudinal stability despite external disturbances.

Application of Half-Uncontrolled 3-Phase Rectifier Circuit for Wave Analysis

Muhammad Satria Purbiananta — 2024-10-15

The study investigates the application of a half-uncontrolled 3-phase rectifier circuit for wave analysis. This circuit functions as a device to convert alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC) electricity using a half-wave approach. In this method, only one cycle of the AC signal is allowed to flow, while the other cycles are blocked through the diode's operational characteristics. The main component of the rectifier circuit, whether full-wave or half-wave, is the diode configured in forward bias. The diode's functionality ensures that electric current flows in one direction to the load and back to the transformer, blocking current in the opposite direction. Consequently, a positive wave is produced by suppressing the negative half-wave. Simulations reveal that the output voltage of the uncontrolled rectifier cannot be regulated, as it depends solely on the inherent properties of the circuit design. This limitation underscores the fundamental behavior of half-wave rectifiers, which utilize the diode's ability to pass current selectively to achieve rectification. The analysis highlights the circuit's simplicity and effectiveness in producing a positive DC output from a 3-phase AC input, making it suitable for applications where minimal wave shaping is required. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the working principles of 3-phase rectifier circuits and provides insights into their application in electrical systems. Future studies could focus on optimizing such circuits for higher efficiency and exploring their integration with controlled rectification systems.

Performance Analysis of a Single-Phase Half-Wave Controlled Rectifier for AC Motor Speed Regulation on Marine Vessels

Tegar Kurnia Catur Putra Mulia Ageng — 2024-10-15

The regulation of motor speed is critical in optimizing the performance and efficiency of AC motors, particularly in industrial and marine applications. This study explores a method to control motor speed by adjusting the input voltage through a single-phase half-wave controlled rectifier. Various approaches to motor speed regulation, including frequency adjustment, pole-pair modification, external resistance control, input voltage regulation, vector control, and voltage conversion, have been extensively utilized. However, these methods often present challenges in cost, complexity, and efficiency when applied in constrained environments. The proposed system employs a TRIAC-based rectification technique to control the motor's speed by synchronizing the input voltage with the load requirements, addressing issues related to power factor and system performance. By leveraging thyristors, the system provides precise control over motor speed through the modulation of the firing angle using variable resistors and potentiometers. Experimental analysis demonstrates that as the input voltage increases, the current flow proportionally rises, leading to optimized rotor speed and energy efficiency. The integration of advanced power electronics in this design enhances the adaptability of AC motors to varying load conditions, ensuring stable and efficient operation. This study contributes to the field of power electronics and motor control by presenting a practical and cost-effective solution for speed regulation, making it particularly applicable in constrained environments such as marine vessels and industrial plants.

Analysis of a 3-Phase Uncontrolled Full-Wave Rectifier Using a 3-Phase AC Generator

Rama Arya Sobhita — 2024-10-15

The rapid advancements in technology are influencing various sectors, with electrical engineering being one of the most affected fields. As access to information becomes increasingly easier, innovations in both science and technology progress at an accelerated pace. To keep up with these developments, there is a growing need to optimize existing knowledge for future use. In the realm of electrical engineering, optimizing theories and practical applications is crucial to improving the efficiency and functionality of power systems, particularly in the industrial sector where the demand for electricity is substantial. A significant way to achieve this optimization is through the study and analysis of the three-phase uncontrolled full-wave rectifier circuit powered by a three-phase AC generator. This paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of this system, with the goal of enhancing its performance and efficiency for industrial applications. By understanding the theoretical foundations and practical challenges of this rectifier circuit, we can create more effective and sustainable power conversion systems for the future.

Analysis of Output Voltage Characteristics in a Single-Phase Half-Wave Controlled Rectifier Circuit for DC Motor

Lutfi Bimantara — 2024-10-15

A DC Electric Motor, also known as a Direct Current Motor, is a device that converts electrical energy into kinetic energy or motion. DC motors operate with two terminals and require direct current (DC) to function. These motors are widely utilized in electronic and electrical applications that rely on DC power sources, such as vibrators, DC fans, and electric drills. One of the key parameters for controlling the performance of a DC motor is its rotational speed, which is commonly measured in revolutions per minute (RPM). This speed can be adjusted to meet the requirements of various applications. To achieve variable speed control, a rectifier circuit is often employed. Specifically, a single-phase controlled rectifier circuit is used to convert alternating current (AC) from the power grid (typically 220V AC) into direct current (DC). The controlled rectifier circuit plays a crucial role in rectifying the input AC voltage and providing a stable and regulated DC output to drive the motor, ensuring optimal performance. This paper explores the output voltage characteristics of the single-phase half-wave controlled rectifier circuit and its impact on the performance of a DC motor. The study focuses on the design and analysis of the rectifier circuit, aiming to improve efficiency, stability, and motor control..