Design and Implementation of a Single-Phase AC Voltage Controller for Engineering Applications

Abstract

This study presents the design and implementation of a single-phase AC voltage controller utilizing an SCR TIC126, diode, IC regulator, op-amp LM324N, and additional electronic components. The developed module generates variable AC voltage output by adjusting the triggering angle of the SCR, while maintaining a constant output voltage waveform frequency. The analysis of the output voltage waveform was conducted through mathematical modeling and simulation using the PSIM software. Experimental measurements were compared with simulation results, focusing on the root mean square (Vrms) of the output voltage under varying trigger angles—specifically 45°, 60°, 90°, and 135°. The tests were performed using a low-resistance load of 5W 100Ω, powered by a source voltage not exceeding 12.8 volts at a frequency of 50 Hz. Discrepancies between simulation, mathematical predictions, and experimental results were analyzed to evaluate the performance and accuracy of the controller under different operating conditions. The findings demonstrate the controller's potential for efficient voltage regulation in engineering applications, emphasizing its reliability in handling varying load conditions.